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Brunei stands as an independent Islamic sultanate on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia, where the South China Sea embraces its northern shores. Surrounded entirely by the East Malaysian state of Sarawak, this remarkable nation unfolds in two distinct segments. The larger western segment proudly houses the capital, Bandar Seri Begawan. Achieving independence in 1984 after being a British protectorate since 1888, Brunei embodies resilience and self-determination, proudly participating as a member of the Commonwealth and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Total Agricultural Land Area
Contribution of Agriculture to total GDP
Percentage of Labor Force in Agriculture
Other South East Asian Countries
Brunei stands as an independent Islamic sultanate on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia, where the South China Sea embraces its northern shores. Surrounded entirely by the East Malaysian state of Sarawak, this remarkable nation unfolds in two distinct segments. The larger western segment proudly houses the capital, Bandar Seri Begawan. Achieving independence in 1984 after being a British protectorate since 1888, Brunei embodies resilience and self-determination, proudly participating as a member of the Commonwealth and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
In 2023, the official language of the country is Malay, which is spoken by 73.7% of the population. Additionally, many people of Chinese descent speak southern varieties of Chinese, with a significant number learning Mandarin in school. It is used by 9.6% of the population, while other languages account for 16.7% of language use in the country.
The total surface are of Brunei Darussalam is 5,765 square kilometers (sq. km):
Brunei’s climate is influenced by equatorial monsoon winds. The northeast monsoon typically occurs from December to March, while the southwest monsoon takes place from May to September. April, October, and November serve as transitional months. Throughout the year, temperatures in Brunei remain warm, generally ranging from the mid-70s °F (around 23 °C) to about 90 °F (32 °C) daily. The average annual precipitation is approximately 115 inches (2,900 mm) in coastal areas, with amounts exceeding 150 inches (3,800 mm) in more inland regions. Rainfall is usually heavier from October to January and lighter from March to August.
Only 2.5% of the total land area of the country as of 2022 is dedicated to agriculture production, and this has been consistent since 2010.[3] Also included in the country’s agricultural land share to the total is the arable land which is only 0.8% of the total land area. The World Bank Group defines arable land as land dedicated for temporary crops. Soils of Brunei Darussalam are generally infertile characterized by highly leaching and deeply weathered soil due to exposed weather conditions, whereas precipitation in various areas varies across the country. Only alluvial soils which are deposited by surface water found along the rivers and in some parts of the coastal floodplain best offer agricultural potential, considering that it is a fine-grained fertile soil.
From the most recent annual publication of the Department of Agriculture and Agrifood, Ministry of Primary Resources of Brunei Darussalam, which is the Brunei Darussalam Agriculture and Agrifood Statistics in Brief 2023, it has been reported that there is an overall total developed agricultural land of 7,390.96 hectares in the country, with 2,152.37 hectares dedicated for livestock production and 5,238.59 hectares for crop production. [4]
In 2025, 67% of the population of Brunei Darussalam are classified officially as Malay, and 15% are Chinese which make up about one-tenth of the population. 6% of Brunei’s residents are indigenous people and 12% are non-Malay.
In 2021, 82.1% of Brunei’s population was predominantly Sunni Muslim. Sunni is a member of the largest branch of Islam that adheres to the orthodox tradition and acknowledges the first four caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad. About 6.7% are Christian, 6.3% are Buddhist, and the remaining 4.9% of the total population came from other religions.
In 2025, Brunei Darussalam had a population of 464,478, with population growth rate of 1.67%.
In 2023, 79%[5] of the population are from urban areas, while the remaining 21%[6] are from rural areas. Though the urban population in the country increases in number, the rural population is increasing annually at a decreasing growth rate.
In 2025 the country’s GDP amounted to US$27.23 Billion, with 0.4% GDP-real growth rate and the GDP per capita is US$79,700 with 0.4% annual GDP per capita growth.
According to Brunei Darussalam Agriculture & Agrifood Statics 2023, agriculture GDP amounted US$15.57 Billion. The agriculture had 0.61% contribution on the country GDP US$88.45 Million.
Labor force by occupation
In 2025 the country’s labor force is a total of 203,600 while the unemployment rate is at 6.9%.
In 2023, the country’s agriculture labor force is in the total of 8,711, 43% local and 57% foreigner. There are 2,059 for livestock; 2,111 for crop; and 4,541 for agrifood processing.
The 2023 inflation rate was 0.4%, down by 3.3% from the previous year.
The annual inflation rate is the average change in prices of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) basket over the course of a year.
1. Cucumber (1,374,886 kg with a retail value of US$2,103,801.20)
2. Water Spinach (708,078 kg with a retail value of US$1,372,649.11)
3. Long Bean (651,949 kg with a retail value of US$1,574,217.79)
The country’s most significant natural resources are its vast oil and gas reserves. Since 1929, the country has been a major oil producer, currently ranking ninth in Southeast Asia. With estimated oil reserves of around 1.1 billion barrels, Brunei is one of the wealthiest nations per capita.
Oil and gas are vital to Brunei’s economy, comprising over 90% of total exports and contributing significantly to GDP. The revenue from these resources has funded infrastructure, education, healthcare, and social welfare programs for its citizens.
Southeast Asia feeds the world through agriculture that transforms lives across the region.
